![]() ![]() NUCLEOPHILIC ADDITION TO C=O MECHANISMS IN ACID AND IN BASE d- : : : d+ + GENERALIZED CHEMISTRY THE CARBONYL GROUP nucleophilic at oxygen H+ or E+ electrophiles add here nucleophiles attack here Nu: electrophilic at carbon REACTIVITY OF THE C=O GROUP NUCLEOPHILIC ADDITION w is always the end of the chain, no matter how long a-chlorocaproaldehyde w-chlorocaproaldehyde ( a-chlorohexanal ) ( w-chlorohexanal ) RECOGNIZE THESE Common Names of the Aldehydesįormaldehyde benzaldehyde acetaldehyde SPECIAL CASES KNOW THESEįorming Common Names of Aldehydes USE OF GREEK LETTERS ……. Aldehyde ending is -al Do the aldehydessection of Organic Nomenclature program.ĮXAMPLES aldehyde group is always carbon 1 pentanal 3 1 4 2 2-chloro-3-methylbutanal.Number from the end of the chain closest to the carbonyl carbon (carbon #1!).Combine into a name, according to the pattern: alkyl alkyl’ ketone NOTE: This is not all one word!Įxample of Common Names Methyl propyl ketone Diethyl ketoneīenzophenone acetone acetophenone SPECIAL CASES diphenyl ketone dimethyl ketone A common laboratory solvent and cleaning agent methyl phenyl ketone KNOW THESE.Name each group attached to the carbonyl group as an alkyl group.Ketone ending is -one Do the ketonessection of Organic Nomenclature program!.Number from the end of the chain closest to the carbonyl carbon.Choose the longest continuous carbon chain that contains the carbonyl carbon. ![]()
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